Advantages And Limitations Of Mobile Applications Information Technology Essay

Advantages And Limitations Of Mobile Applications Information Technology Essay Mobile applications are a quickly emerging section of the overall mobile market. These applications are made up of software that runs on a mobile device and carry out specific tasks for mobile phones and Pocket PCs. The focus of this paper is to describe the business advantages and limitations of the Best Buy Geek Squads wireless Pocket PC mobile devices and how they overcame those limitations. Additionally, describe the software development challenges of wireless mobile devices and how Medstar Health and Unifi met those challenges. Lastly, identify the advantages and limitation of companies using software packages already unavailable for use with wireless devices. Best Buy Background For many of todays businessman, Pocket PCs have become like another appendage. While there are some definite advantages to carrying a Pocket PC, its easy to overlook some of the obstacles associated with conducting business on them. The Geek Squad is an ancillary of the Best Buy Company which is headquartered in Richfield, Minnesota. The company offers a variety of computer-related services for both residential and commercial customers. Geek Squad agents provide both in-store, on-site services, as well as, Internet, and additionally also provides 24-hour telephone and emergency support. Best Buys agents are equipped with Sprint PPC-6700 Smart Devices, a Pocket PCs/cell phone combination that run on Windows Mobile 5.0 (OBrien Marakas, 2008). Advantages and Limitations There are many advantages to the Geek Squad Agents using the Sprint PPC-6700 Smart Device. One advantage is that these devices have full access to Sprints EV-DO third-generation cellular network, and have complete Web browsing capabilities (Geek Squad, 2010). When an agent is on the road and needs directions to his next job, he can quickly access Google or Yahoo maps and easily navigate to his destination, rather than having to fumble around with a map or to call back to Best Buy dispatchers. Additionally, agents can use their wireless devices to log onto Best Buys order system where they can obtain price quotes, process payments, complete transactions, and generate receipts for the customers. As with most devices, the Sprint PPC-6700 does have a down side. The problem the Geek Squad agents are having with this device is the small slide-out keyboard. The small keyboard limits their ability to type quickly and accurately, therefore wasting precious time (OBrien Marakas, 2008). Overcoming Limitations Along with battery life, inputting text is one of the most difficult problems for users of mobile devices. First and foremost, the problem is lies in the physical size of the keyboard, followed by the conflicting needs of speed and familiarity. As wireless data services flood into the market, the need for efficient text entry is becoming ever more critical, yet essential tradeoffs limit the practical options. Best Buy solved its problem with the Sprint PPC 7600 with the use of handwriting recognition software. Handwriting recognition is a method by which a computer system can recognize letter, characters and other symbols written by hand in ordinary handwriting. This type technology is generally used on devices such as PDA and Pocket PCs where a stylus is used to write on a screen, after which the computer program converts the handwriting into digital text (Handwriting Recognition, 2009). Geek Squad agents can hand write notes that go directly into Best Buys order system to be used a reference for later transactions. The next time a customer calls in with a problem, the agent can quickly pull up his notes for quicker and more reliable customer service. Prior to this technology, agents would have to wait until they got back to the office to enter the customers information into the system. According to one agent, it saves them 10-15 minutes that could have otherwise been spent helping a customer or traveling to the next job (OBrien Marakas, 2008). Although this is a big improvement, Best Buy is not fully content with the limitations of the current handwriting recognition software. They are now testing voice recognition software will permit agents to open and close programs with voice prompts allowing for quicker and better customer service. Voice recognition is a computer technology that uses audio input for a means of entering data instead of the using a keyboard. Speaking into a microphone delivers the same result as typing words physically with a keyboard. Vo ice recognition software is constructed with a database of identifiable words or phrases. The computer program matches up the voice audio signature with the equivalent entry in the database (Voice Recognition, 2009). Although, changing speech into text might sound simple, it is enormously difficult. The problem starts with an almost infinite assortment of speech patterns and accents, compounded by the tendency for people to run words together or the use of slang words. Software Development Challenges Mobile systems and mobile applications have gained a lot of attention both in research and industry over the last years. The market share of mobile devices is constantly growing. More and more, users expect their mobile devices to provide functionality similar to the one they know from their desktop computers, but also to provide additional, mobile device specific functionality, like location based services. However, software development for mobile devices is still cumbersome and a methodology geared towards supporting the development of such mobile applications is still lacking. One key factor for the commercial success of mobile devices is the quick development of software applications (Software Challenges, 2010). On the other hand, developing mobile software can be especially difficult since applications need to be conscience of and adapt to changing resources such as battery life and bandwidth. At one point in time it appeared like some standardization might occur and a common platform emerge, but most attempts have stumbled, and ultimately come up short of the ideal they set out to accomplish. None of these approaches were specifically at fault. They each simply met a specific set of needs during which the evolution of mobile devices that made the best of existing hardware and bandwidth limitations. The problem that each of them faced was the speed of evolution of mobile technology (Grotnes, 2009). It is true that mobile devices are still restricted by screen size, lack of a full size keyboard, and limited bandwidth. But there are already plenty of mobile devices with readable screens, 3D graphics, touch screens, accelerometers, compasses, and GPS capability. The functionality is in place for some outstanding state of the art applications and for smart developers to exploit. On the other hand, there is little standardization as hardware manufacturers struggle to get the best out of their devices (Grotnes, 2009). Conquering Challenges MedStar Health is a non-profit healthcare organization that is facing similar software development challenges. MedStars IT department supports thousands of nurses and doctors, who use a multitude of mobile devises such as Pocket PCs, PDA, Blackberrys, and Palm Treos. Since there is no clear cut leader in mobile technology, it is hard for MedStars IT Department to push for a standard device. Because MedStars nurses and doctors are not forced to use a standard device, it is difficult for their IT Department to keep up with new mobile devices and ensure they are compatible with the companys applications. To overcome these challenges, MedStar thought outside the box and worked with vendor to tailor applications that would work on a wide range of devices. MedStar chose to work with Siemens Medical Solutions and came up with a software solution that allows medical practitioners to access their patients information through Siemens Invision mainframe using any of their mobile devices. This t ype of thinking by MedStars IT Department allowed the company to meet its goals without having to sacrifice any functionality. Many times off-the- shelf applications will not meet the needs of a customer and may require some tweaking by the manufacturer to accommodate its customers specific needs. Conclusion A management information system is a system or process that provides information needed to manage organizations effectively (Computer and Information Systems Managers, 2010). As with the case of Best Buy and MedStar, their overall strategies were affected by MIS. Best Buy chose to use standard mobile devices and off-the-shelf applications to meet both its customers and employees needs. Whereas MedStar, decided it was better for them to develop specific software to overcome their challenges. Neither way is right or wrong, it just depends on your specific situation and needs. In a slowing economy, MIS strategies would definitely have to be reevaluated to ensure the organization is being managed effectively. In the case of MedStar, I would opt for the strategy the Geek Squad took with standardizing mobile devices and using off-the-shelf applications. In a slowing economy, this would save a considerable amount of time and money not having to develop software that is compatible for a mult itude of different devices. Additionally, a smaller IT Department could be utilized, saving thousands of dollars in nonessential personnel.

Faults of Woven and Knit Fabric

Faults of woven fabric: Bar: It is a band running across the full width of cloth. Pick bar due ti difference in pick spacing Tension-bar due to difference in weft tension Weft-bar due to difference in material count, twist etc Box marks: The causes of box marks are – Dirty box Shuttle riding over the weft Dirty shuttle Dirty picking and ticks Broken pattern: It occurs due to wrong drawing of threads insertion of thee pick, incorrect lifting of warp threads. Broken pick: A pick missing of the fabric, due to rough shuttle eyes, poor winding and weft yarn breakage. Defective selvedge: Curled selvedge Cut selvedges Loppy selvedges Slack selvedges Pulled selvedge Tight selvedge Uneven selvedge Float stitches: A place where warp and weft yarns escape the required interlacement. If occurs for improper warp stop motion. Fuzzy: it occurs for the present of hairy and abraded yarns. Hang pick: A pick which is out of line and is a triangular shape. Missing ends: Gap of warp yarns is the main causes Reed marks: Due to this fault cloth shows irregular spacing between groups of warp yarns across the fabric width. Shuttle marks: Width way marks due to abrasion of warp yarns by the shuttle. Stain: Major problems on woven fabric Oil, Dust, Soil, Carbon particles in the air may cause stains. Uneven cloth: It produced when take up motion is faulty, broken ratchet wheel is also responsible. Some mechanical faults: Reed marks Shuttle flying out Shuttle trapping Loom hanging Loom stopping Weft cutting Bumping Knitting Faults: Holes: Holes are the result of yarn breakage. It occurs for the following causes – Uneven yarn Badly set of yarn feeder Knots, slubs etc in yarn Yarn tension is too high Yarn is too dry Drop stitches: Those are the result of a defective needle. It also occurs when a yarn is not properly fed during stitch formation. Cloth fall –out: it is an area consisting of drop sitiches lying side by side. Snags: It occurs when filament yarns are processing. It occurs for higher twist and lesser crimp elasticity. Double stitches: These occur due to badly knitted or non-knitted loops. Vertical stripes: It is observed as longitudinal gaps in the fabric. When the space between Wales is irregular it occurs. Horizontal stripes: Horizontal stripes are caused by unevenness in the courses. Soil stripes: Soil stripes can appear both in the direction of Wales as well as courses. Color fly: Color fly consists of singe fibres, brunches of fibre of yarn pieces in varying colors. Distorted stitches: Due to it if become unsettled fabric and fabric appearance is skitter. Write about BAN (Barium Activity Number): Barium activity Number = (? Ba(OH)? _2 Absorbed by mercerised cotton material)/(? Ba(OH)? _2 Absorbed by unmercerised cotton material) BAN is always greater than 100 Standard range of BAN 115 – 135 Highly mercerized range 140 – 150 possible If BAN < 115, Mercerization wille be uneven Write ablout Water Hardness: Hardness is a term applied to water denoting a measurement of its PH and metal salt contest. Classification of water according to hardness – DescriptionTotal hardness (Degree) Very soft 0 – 40 Soft 5 – 80 Shild 9-140 Fairly hard 15 -180 Hard 19 -300 Very hard > 300 Determination of water hardness: The following Reagents are required for hardness measermet Buffer solution EDTA (Ethelene Diamine Tetraacetate ) (. 02 N or . 01 M) Indicator solution 0. 05 gm (Solochromo black WDFA) Mixture of alcohol and tri-ethanol amine Calcium solution – Take 1 gm CaCO3 and dried at 1650C Cover with clock glass and add water (50-100 ml) Add 20. 5 ml HCl Warm and next Cool Transfer to one litre volumetric flask Determination of total Hardness: Total Hardness = (T? 1000)/V mg/L CaCO3 Where, V = Wt. f solution (50 -100) into conical breaker T = Total amount of EDTA used to get reddish tinge disappear. Weight loss in Pre-treatment: The weight of unscoured and scoured were taken separately at the same moisture content and then weight loos is measured in %. Weight loss = (Wt. of Unscoured fabric-Wt. of Scoured fabric )/(Wt. of Unscoured fabric) ? 100% Standar d range of Weight loss = 4 – 8% Fabric and knit: (Questions) Faults of woven and knit fabric. Different variables of woven fabric. BAN (Bariem activity number) Hardness measurement of H2O. Wt. loss in pre-treatment (Scouring, bleaching, desizing etc)

How do family traditions and cultural legacies contribute to and/or inhibit an individuals self-identity? Essay

Are Test Scores a Good Indication of a School’s Competency? Ever studied for a test and still manage to receive a failing score? It happens to almost all of us. Schools may effectively or ineffectively design study material for a chapter, but to me it does not have a big effect of the overall resulting test scores. A high grade average depends on the students’ method of studying and comprehension, the way that the instructor teaches the material, and the way that the test it produced. On numerous occasions, students have reviewed specific test material and gained plenty of confidence for success, but failed with the most horrifying score of their life. On the other hand, some students may choose to cram as much as they can right before taking the test and excel. Every student has a different level of comprehension; some may learn faster than others, or be a different type of learner. Normally, students will be informed of an approaching test, this way each student know to more attentive during class time and while studying. The amount of tine that one has to prepare for an upcoming test varies. That length of time may be brief or extended. Because of the fact that every student is different, the time they may require to study effectively varies. I personally need about a week’s worth of study time to retain most of the appropriate information. Some may only need a few days. This can sometimes be a reflection of the way the material has been taught to a stud ent. For effective education retention, a study plan must be well-organized and taught thoroughly. Some instructors become lackadaisical causing the students to not be fully prepared for a final test while depending solely on that professor’s teachings. No matter how organized and thorough a lesson plan is designed, if the material is not taught right, the scores will not be right. Students should not depend only on the professor. They should combine what is taught to the with their own study method so that they can comprehend. A lot of times, students will believe that attending class and paying attention is enough which is false. They can be taught one way and be tested on it the subject in another form. Often times, students may say, â€Å"that had nothing to do with what I studied  all week for.† From my past experiences, I would study diligently for a test and find that the test asks questions that were not given examples of in the study material. That has to be one of the most frustrating things for a student. If schools were to have tests contain more of what was taught to the students, there would be a higher test grade scale. By this I mean that tests should ask similar questions that the homework asks or that were given in examples. I am sure that many can relate to a test asking questions that they have never seen. To sum it all up, the end result of a test depends on how much effort is put forth from the student, the student’s comprehension level, and the effectiveness of the instructor’s teaching method. There may be an A student who experiences test anxiety, this can cause low testing scores. There may be a student who cheats, of course, this mainly results in higher scores. There also may be a student who just happens to be a great test taker. Test scores are not a good indication of a schools competency.

Ethical Dilemma - 1463 Words

Ethical Dilemma PlentErgy is an openly traded oil and gas exploration company with operations mostly in Texas and Oklahoma. We do not want to miss the oil exploration in North Dakota. We are highly skilled in hydraulic fracturing or fracking, which is a technique that is used to release oil and gas from rock formations. We are confident that we could use fracking safely to release oil and gas from sites in North Dakota. The ethical dilemma that stands in the way is fracking is closely linked to waste disposal. Millions of galloons of salty, chemical infused wastewater, know, as brine is part of fracking. Oil companies are dumping and spilling the waste onto the land and waterway with increasing regularity. They are supposed to put the†¦show more content†¦With the hundreds of thousands of galloons of brine that is spilled every year and that number is increasing with more oil companies coming there has only some cases where the oil companies actually owned up to there mistakes and tried to fix what happened. The oil companies committing crimes also shows distributive justice in this case and they should be held for the cost of the victims suffering. They are destroying these people lives, these people have been there for many years before the oil companies have but they are just coming in and taking over their land and destroying it. The oil companies need to take action for what they are doing and own up to their mistake. Once again the best alternative is to not spill the brine and if we do we will take care of it. This shows that we are paying for the actions that we have committed if we do spill the brine onto the farmland. We own up to what we did and we will do the best that we can to respect the famers that have been there before us because they are to trying to make a living. The second alterative once again is not a good idea because this shows that we do not care about the people that were there before us and that we are just in it for the money, like all th e other oil companies that are there. Utilitarian Ethics The purpose of a utilitarian ethics analysis is to find what producesShow MoreRelatedEthical Dilemmas Of The Workplace1538 Words   |  7 Pages1. Discuss an ethical dilemma that you have had to face in the workplace. Ethical dilemmas often occur when a manager or an employee is faced with two or more conflicting choices. Give as many facts and details as possible in describing your dilemma. The most difficult ethical dilemma I have dealt with was a summer job I had this past summer, while I was working for a bakery in my hometown. This past particular summer really tested what I believe is right and wrong and how to speak up. One of myRead MoreEthical Dilemmas Of The Workplace1291 Words   |  6 PagesEthical Dilemmas in the Workplace As a manager, you are the role model for staff. You set the standards, adhere to guidelines, and exemplify what you expect staff to model. By doing so, you are establishing and sustaining an organizational culture of ethics and integrity, which is the backbone of all successful endeavors. However, even the best structured organizations face ethical dilemmas in the workplace. It is how management recognizes and addresses these occurrences that will either set themRead MoreEthical Dilemma Assignment1766 Words   |  8 PagesCONSENT FORM Thank you for being willing to take part in this interview exploring ethical conflict or turbulence. I would like to transcribe the content of this interview to form a written document to be submitted to Sheffield Hallam University as a piece of assessed piece of coursework. It is important that you only take part in this interview if you want to. As such I would be delighted if you would complete and sign this confidentiality questionnaire prior to the interview taking place. (i)Read MoreCase Analysis : Ethical Dilemma1318 Words   |  6 PagesTitle of Paper: Ethical Dilemma One INTRODUCTION Mrs. Smith, is an 81-year-old widow. She has been widowed for over twenty years. She has been very independent with some assistance from neighbors due to her son living out of the area and unable to assist. Recently, she has had issues with her independence. She has set two accidental fires that caused damages to her apartment, as well as had a recent fall in the bathtub. These issues have gained her son’s attention which has led him to requestRead MoreEthical Dilemma at Workplace Essay1192 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Introduction – What is an ethical dilemma? Ethics is the term we give to our concern for good behavior.   It is human nature to not only be concerned with our own personal well being, but also that of others and of human society as a whole.   The difference between moral dilemmas and ethical ones, philosophers say, is that in moral issues the choice is between right and wrong.   In ethical ones, the choice is between two rights. Everyday Im faced with decisions of right and wrong, most of whichRead Moret Types of ethical dilemmas Mastery67Questions123Materials Essay2477 Words   |  10 PagesTypes of ethical dilemmas Mastery 67% Questions 1 2 3 Materials on the concept: Typical Moral Dilemmas Confronting Business Communicators Ethics and Law for Management Communication Top of Form 1. 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The struggle is to provide the best nursing care despite of the nurses’ feelings. For example: RN/ nursing leader in residential home has always dilemmas while restraining the patient. sometime patient become so aggr essive that they can harm other people and worker. The dilemma in this situation

CSUB (GPA, SAT Scores and ACT Scores for Admission)

Cal State Bakersfield, one of the 23 schools in the  California State University System, accepts around 70% of all applicants, and students with decent grades and average test scores should have little difficulty getting in.   Cal State Bakersfield GPA, SAT and ACT Graph CSUB, Cal State Bakersfield GPA, SAT Scores and ACT Scores for Admission. Data courtesy of Cappex. Discussion of Cal State Bakersfields  Admissions Standards: In the graph above, the green and blue dots represent accepted students. The majority of students who got in had GPAs over 2.75, SAT scores (RWM) of 900 or higher, and ACT scores of 17 or higher. However, note that there are a few spots of red (rejected students) in the middle of the graph. Some students with grades and test scores on target for CSUB still get rejected. Unlike the University of California System, the California State University admission process is not holistic. Except for EOP students, applicants do not need to submit letters of recommendation or an application essay, and extracurricular involvement is not part of the standard application. Thus, the reason why an applicant with adequate scores and grades would be rejected tends to come down to a couple factors such as insufficient college preparatory classes or an incomplete application. To learn more about the California State University at Bakersfield, high school GPAs, SAT scores and ACT scores, these articles can help: CSUB Admissions ProfileWhats a Good SAT Score?Whats a Good ACT Score?Whats Considered a Good Academic Record?What is a Weighted GPA? If You Like Cal State Bakersfield, You May Also Like These Schools: University of California - Davis:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUniversity of California - Riverside:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphChapman University:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphMills College:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphPitzer College:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphStanford University:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT Graph GPA, SAT and ACT Graphs for Admission to Other Cal State Campuses Bakersfield |  Channel Islands  |  Chico  |  Dominquez Hills  |  East Bay  |  Fresno State  |  Fullerton  |  Humboldt  |  Long Beach  |  Los Angeles  |  Maritime  |  Monterey Bay  |  Northridge  |  Pomona (Cal Poly)  |  Sacramento  |  San Bernardino  |  San Diego  |  San Francisco  |  San Jose State  |  San Marcos  |  Sonoma State  |  Stanislaus

Abstarct. This Paper Will Review And Discuss Michael Pollan’S

Abstarct This paper will review and discuss Michael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma, A Natural History of Four Meals, which was named a New York Times best seller. Michael holds the prestigious title of the John S. and James L. Knight Professor of Journalism at Berkeley, as well as being a contributor to the New York Times Magazine. He also has the distinction of being named one of the one hundred most influential people in the world by Time magazine. The author will discuss the book, its references to the omnivores dilemma, but most importantly how the author views the content of the book. Which is how the government and the agribusiness have their hands on our dinner table deciding what and how American’s should eat.†¦show more content†¦Though at what cost? These animals are biologically engineered to eat pasture grass not corn. They are fed a cocktail of antibiotics, corn, fat supplements, liquid vitamins and synthetic estrogen and whatever the CFO’s d ecide they should be ingesting. One thing is for sure, it is not a natural diet. Very concerning, is what was witnessed on Michael’s trip, how the diet of the cattle has been changed from grass to corn solely for financial reasons. It is unfortunate that economics has OMNIVORE’S DILEMMA 4 dictated how we cultivate, process and prepare the food we eat. The commonly eaten corn-fed meat has an abundance of saturated fat while containing less healthy omega-3 fatty acids. There is a prevalence of heart disease when there is too high a ratio of omega-6 to omega-3. This ratio has increased from 1 to 1 to an alarming 10 to 1 in the contemporary diet of many Americans. Just as concerning is the fact the cattle develop resistant strains of bacteria as a result of including corn in cattle feed. Consequently, becoming resistant by the use of antibiotics, such as Tylosin which is used to prevent bloa t, which results from feeding cattle with corn, which leads to the development

Effectiveness Of Advertisement Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Effectiveness Of Advertisement. Answer: Introduction Advertising is one of the means of communication, which is used by the companies to interact with the consumers of their product. Advertisements are messages that are sent by the organizations to the consumers so that they can be pursued and influenced to buy the products in the market. The current world consists of advertising but many of the population are not aware of the fact but advertising is using every possible medium to penetrate the market and get through the message to the consumers (Aaker and Biel 2013).. The ideas of the organization are converted by the agencies in an effective manner in form of text, visuals, themes and layout which are used for the purpose of communicating with the consumers. The organization hires the advertisement agency and provides them with all the details such a brand image, values and the ideals. These are transformed by the agency for influencing the target consumers in the market (De Mooij 2013). Advertisement Effectiveness The multinational companies use advertisement to gain new consumers and retain the present consumers so that profit of the organization is maximized. The organization spent huge amount of money on this advertising campaigns so they will have to monitor the return on investment on the programs. The organizations measure whether the talent, treasures and time invested in the advertisement campaigns have been able to make an improvement in the performance of the organization. The measurement factors include profit maximization and the consumer satisfaction which will indicate the effectiveness. According to (Moriarty et al. 2014), it is essential to measure the effectiveness of the advertisements and the author has provided valid reasons for it. As stated by the author, it facilitates in making future decisions sound and have a clear breakup of the overall situation in the market. this also assists in impressing the higher-level officials and identify the point of saturation so that the organizations can be prepared for it. Moreover, it will help to identify the new trends in the market and be in touch with them. The two measures that are generally used for the measurement of the effectiveness of the advertisement are brand recall and persuasion. The connectivity of the consumers with the product can be considered as brand recall. This can be measured with surveys and questionnaires which will assist to understand the loyalty of the consumers towards a particular brand. There are generally two types of brand recall one is the aided recall and the other is the unaided recall. The aided recall can be done by bringing up a discussion about a particular product and the unaided recall happens when the consumer is connected to the product and is well aware of the brand. Persuasion is another which used to pursue the consumers to buy a particular product by catering to the needs of the target audience. Print media is one of the forms of advertisement which is being used by the companies as it has its own sets of advantage over the other form of media. The print media provides unlimited exposure for the organizations, magazines and newspapers do not have any scheduled timing so the potential exposure is more than radio and television. Moreover, the print media gets repeated viewership which is one of the biggest advantage of using the print media. Print media is non-intrusive when compared to other forms of media. The viewer has control over it and they can read it according to their own time. This means that it eliminates the chances of interruptions and thus, avoids annoyance to its consumers (Valette-Florence and De Barnier 2013). There are certain forms of print media which can be used for target marketing at high level such as the companies who manufacture upscale clothes for corporate officials will target their [print towards professional target group. Print media have loyal readership which means that the people subscribe to newspapers and magazines for a long period of time. This helps to reinforce message to the regular user of the content and improves their credibility in the market. Print media has position flexibility which means that the organizations can chose the location where they want to publish their advertisements depending upon their budget (Ghersetti 2014). The print ads provide the flexibility of choosing the size of the poster and the adviser may choose the location which will provide them with highest level of visibility. As stated by (Kilbourne 2012), it is difficult to measure the effectiveness of the advertisement, as it cannot be measured empirically, mathematically and standards. Advertisements are quite different from selling of products in the market. Various other factors are included in advertising such as quality, price, product and packaging. These factors will help in the increase of the sales and this is the sole reason that the organizations spent a large amount of money on advertising. The testing of the advertisement effectiveness will have to measured based on four factors which are market, message, motive and media. Initially the target market will have to be identified and then the effect of the advertisement on the target market will have to be measured. When talking about the motives identification of the motivational factors for the target consumers has to be analysed after the consumers have made their actions and reactions. The best possible way of conveying the message will ha ve to be identified so that the communication is effective. This will be measured by identifying the extent the message is registered within the minds of the consumers. Media is the most important factor and the combination of the processes, which are best for market penetration, will have to be used. These four factors will have to be analysed to identify the most appropriate advertisement campaign, which will able to obtain the desired objectives. This will facilitate in making the decision of choosing the advertising that is suitable (Song 2013). Olbrich and Schultz (2014) states that testing of the advertisement campaign can be done at any stage of the process and it can analyse the advertisement campaign before its commencement, during the process and after full execution of the process. There are three types of testing and they are pretesting, post testing and concurrent testing. Pretesting is executed before the commencement of the campaign and a huge amount of capital is invested in pretesting. The main objective of using the pretesting to choose the best headlines, copy appeals, slogans, matter, media and illustrations. The methods that are used in pretesting are opinion test, checklist test, inquiry test, mechanical test, portfolio and dummy magazine test. The checklist method provides rating scale or ranking to the advertisement based on their characteristics. The different parameters of characteristics are attention, honesty, convincing ability, readability and selling ability. These factors are used to evaluate vari ous advertisements and the scores given will determine the best advertisement. The opinion will gather opinion of group of potential consumers to gain feedback about the advertisement and their understanding about the product. The consumers rate the advertisement based on their attributes to identify the most effective one. The dummy magazine will consist of the standard materials along with ads which have already been tested. However, it will also contain the ad which has to be tested. These sample magazines are being distributed to all the potential consumers and they are requested to read the magazine. Then the consumers are asked questions and based on that the effectiveness of the advertisements are decided. The portfolio test is similar to the dummy test but in this scenario the ads are placed in a folder along with the control ads. These folders are distributed to the consumers and then are asked to choose the most interesting advertisements among all of them (Stevens et al. 2014). Print Advertisement A vs Print Advertisement B These two advertisements are promoting health drinks, one under the brand name of Tropicana, another as Capri Sun, with both behaving different approaches to the delivery of the message to the readers. Advertisement A (most effective) Main message: Introduction of a healthy drink that is enriched with 100% Vitamin E and contains essential antioxidants that are supposed to be helping in the maintenance of a healthy immune system. Target market: Women and men, especially those who are health concerned Persuasion tactics: Promotion of the major benefits like presence of vitamins and antioxidants for healthier lifestyle (unique selling promotion) This advertisement was published in the People magazine, which is a weekly magazine for the general audience, both men and women, specifically concentrating on celebrities who are currently popular and in news or special events (like Grammys or Oscars) and present offerings in TV or movies, books and records. Tropicana ad has been able to successfully reach the target market as their commercial has concentrated on the men and women who are sensitive to a healthy lifestyle. The tagline of Youre cold, youre wet, youve never felt healthier has been able to grab the attention of the audience with the help of using a different text font than the rest of the ad, limited words and located just beside the focal area of the print ad for communicating their key selling point. Moreover, the message has an implication in the tagline, which is stimulating the readers interest for putting effort in understanding what the advertisement, and the advertiser is actually attempting to say and deliver. Based on that the desire of consumers is generated. Remarkably, the image in the ad is placed sufficiently and in a position, that would make it easier for the reader in acting on the message and promoting the offering (Danaher and Dagger 2013). Advertisement B Main message: The old Capri Sun mix that was available in solver pouches is now available in drink mix package. Target market: general audience, especially women Persuasion tactics: using of the particular situation for highlighting the brand trust This advertisement was placed in the Ladies Home Journal, which is a service magazine catering to women and covers stories and articles like beauty, home design, fashion, health and interesting personalities. The ad is attempted at reaching out the mothers who are readers of this magazine, but it failed in attracting eth attention of the potential customers due to the writing style, which is hard to read even if any reader attempts at engaging into comprehending the ads content. It might be touching the feelings of some audience by the demonstration of a typical activity of childrens lives, but it was still not attractive enough in pulling people. The mentioned benefit of the product displays appreciation of the product and the likeability of the customers and their expectations from it, but still there was room for more persuasiveness. The ad also displays a poor colour and font combination for catching the attention of the audience in the first impression and the conveyance of the benefits are also not clear enough. Even though the ad has a clear and simple construction, it lacks in good appeal and impact on customers. Criteria Advertisement A Advertisement B Attention grabbing capability 4 3 Depicting product benefits 4 3 Visual attraction and clarity 2 4 Believability of the ad 4 3 Table 1: Advertisements rated based on their effectiveness on a scale of 0 to 5. Print Advertisemen t C vs Print Advertisement D The next pair of ads are from the category of zip bags with different brands. One advertisement is from Glad Stand, the second one from Ziploc, both of them competing with each other in the market. Advertisement C Main message: The sturdy plastic and large space would be helpful in easy filling and standing up all by themselves Target market: General audience Persuasion tactics: Use of visuals in effectively highlighting the benefits Starting with, the ad manages to attract attention of both new and existing customers, majorly influencing women audience of Bon Appetit, which is a monthly magazine, focused on food, travels, wines and interior designs. The picture used in the ad is colourful but actually fails in conveying the message of the product offering or creating any lasting impression. Advertisement D (most effective) Main message: Hard material, easy use, stands up tall and stays open. Available in different sizes. Target market: General audience Persuasion tactics: Attractive visuals Clearly, the ad has managed to attract the attention of the reader by means of the comparison picture of two Ziploc bags. The picture clearly shows the difference of this Ziploc from other similar bags and why we should be interested in choosing Ziploc. The ad was published in Ladies Home Journal, which is a service magazine catering to women and covers stories and articles like beauty, home design, fashion, health and interesting personalities. The picture makes an effective product statement, with large words used to differentiate actually why Ziploc is easier to use and why the consumers would desire to buy it. Blue and white colour of the ad creates a good contrast in making the text stand out from the background, which has ultimately built up the visual attractiveness through the print ad, tumbling the ad towards action from the side of the consumers. Criteria Advertisement C Advertisement D Attention grabbing capability 3 5 Depicting product benefits 2 4 Visual attraction and clarity 2 5 Believability of the ad 3 4 Table 2: Advertisements rated based on their effectiveness on a scale of 0 to 5. Recommendations The above analysis of the comparison of the two pair of print ads is effectively showing the real significance of increasing the pulling power of advertisements. The main idea is not about acquiring the maximum number of people but actually getting conveyed to the appropriate target audience. It is necessary that successful advertisements are able to acquire the attention of consumers, convey the benefits and motivate them in the direction of the offering with a proper and clear message. As per evaluation, ads B and C needs improvement as per below recommendations: Advertisement B As per the main problem, this ad needs improvement with the visual picture, font style and size and colour combination. Advertisement C As per the main problem, this ad requires to convey the message with a proper picture, with detailed reasons of why this should be chosen over others. 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